The paper analyzed of investigation datas on the death causes of digestive tract cancer in high-incidence area between 70s and 80s. The results showed that the cancer-adjusted mortalities were 224.14/100000 and 226.66/100000; it was 7 times as high as low-incidence (31.19/100000 and 29.82/100000). In 70s, the cancer death of esophagus, stomach and liver (87.41/100000, 73.93/100000 and 8.59/100000) were 28 times, 10 times and 4 times as high as low-incidence area (3.70/100000, 10.57/100000 and 1.94/100000), respectively (P<0.001). In 80s, the cancer death of esophagus, stomach and liver (68.26/100000, 109.39/100000 and 23.89/100000) were 17 times, 10 times and 4 times as-high as low-incidence area (4.54/100000, 10.84/100000 and 6.35/100000), respectively (P<0.001). In high-incidence area, the cancer death of esophagus was lower, of stomach and liver were higher in 80s than 70s, respectively (P<0.01). The result also showed that the nitrate content of drinking water and vegetables were 21.45mg/I and l185.27mg/kg in highincidence area; it were significant higher than that in lowincidence area (2.14mg/I and 41.60mg/kg), the nitrite content (0.01mg/I) of drinking water in high-incidence area was significant higher than that in low-incidence area (0.004mg/I), but the nitrite content among vegetables was no significant difference between the two regions (P>0.05). Our results suggest that the nitrate and nitrite contents increase in drinking water and vegetables may be an important risk factor of upper alimentary cancer in high-incidence area.