This paper reports the results of intraoperative treatments with different modality in 200 patients with nonresectable primary liver carcinoma (PLC) from April 1964 to July 1993 in our hospital. PLC was verified histologically in all cases. They were divided into 2 groups according to the methods of treatment. In group i, 115 cases received anticancer agents by hepatic artery infusion (HA1). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 10.4% and 1.7%, respectively and only one patient survived for 65 months. In group 11, 85 cases received multimodality treatments (MMT) with various combination of hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE), hepatic artery ligation (HAL), microwave coagulation of tumor (MWC) and ethanol injection into tumor (EIT). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5- survival rates were 34.1%, 21.2%, 12.0% and 6.7%, respectively. 5 cases survived for 41 to 63 months. The tumor was resected at second stage in 6 cases after MMT. The results suggest that MMT is an effective approach to improve the longterm survival of patients with nonresectable PLC.